Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Bible Talks About Perfection And Spiritual Maturity

Perfection, what is it? Is it getting things totally the way we want it? Who says what perfection is? In our Christian life, God says what perfection is, but if God says what perfection is and he is perfect perfection, how can we as humans make it to that level of perfection? The Bible talks about perfection in many ways. Most of the time it is used in the form of a human’s spiritual maturity. Humans will never reach perfect perfection until they get to heaven. While we are still here on earth, we are continually striving for another meaning of the word perfect, which is the perfection that God has, actual perfection. As long as we are trying to have the best maturity possible, we will get the best that God has for us while we are†¦show more content†¦The Bible also talks about the old covenant not making people perfect, but the new covenant made them perfect later. This basically means that the old covenant really did not do anything for them, but it made t hem eligible for the new covenant, which in turn made them perfect. All of the meanings basically mean known fully, or fully mature, or complete. For what we are learning here, we are going to look at only two previously stated meanings. Those meanings can be found in Philippians 3:12 and 3:15. They are actual perfection (God’s perfection) and spiritual maturity (a Christian’s perfection). Philippians 3:15 says that whoever is perfect we are supposed to be in the same mind as Paul, but if they are not, God would reveal it to them. If this were actual perfection we as humans would not be able to attain it, but, on the other hand, if we are not as spiritually mature as God wants us to be, he could let us know and lead us in that direction. The meaning of perfect is totally opposite in Philippians 3:12. Paul talks about not having gotten to the point of being perfect. Paul is human so until he reaches heaven he will never attain the actual perfection. He will be t rying to get closer but he will not reach it until heaven. Paul is talking about God’s actual perfection which he is still working to grasp ahold of. In these two verses perfect is used as God’s actual perfection, attained only in heaven, and the spiritual maturity which keeps growing

Friday, December 20, 2019

My Experience Working With Children - 935 Words

As my experience working with children grows, I would like to gain the skills necessary to run a preschool program. I have worked primarily with infants and toddlers in the past few months, which has become a new focus of mine. Working with such young children allows me to have a productive impact on their cognitive development. This opportunity has been a great encouragement and I hope to run an infant-toddler program within a larger school. My more immediate goals are centered around gaining experiences in different facilities. By exposing myself to different programs and their unique styles, I will be able to see how different procedures, like those for resolving conflict, work for children. With time, these ideas would be integrated into my own program. Though I am just entering the field, I have enough experience to pick out the concepts that I believe are most relevant to the children at their young age. The first is the power of relationships to bring comfort and safety. The children are growing and exploring a lot in the preschool years, so it is vital that they feel comfortable in the facility. The second is the need for communication. The third concept that makes up my personal philosophy is the benefit from learning through play. The second relevant concept that has informed my personal philosophy has been the use of communication to relate to the children. As I spent the past year working predominately with infants and toddlers, it has been important to use aShow MoreRelatedMy Experience Of Working With Children889 Words   |  4 Pages2. In my experience in working with children, I have been placed in sites where the population was diverse. These environments were beneficial because I was exposed to lifestyles of children from different nationalities and socioeconomic statuses, and I saw how their resources affected them. As a staff member working in the Children’s Ministry at my church, I saw firsthand how a child who struggled to learn a play and was constantly absent from church shadowed their absence in school and theirRead MoreD2 unit 44872 Words   |  3 PagesWhilst on my level 3 course I completed work experience at Rainbow Nursery and St Anns Primary School (Nursery/Year One). During my first few weeks at my placement at St Anns, I worked with year 1 pupils and nursery pupils. My role at the nursery was to help the children with their school work and supervise them during lessons and breaks, as well as tidying the classroom. My time at St Anns improved my effectiveness as a career in three ways. It taught me how to behave around children. When I firstRead MoreBecoming A Counselor, Therapist, Or Psychiatrist886 Words   |  4 Pages As a sophomore in college, I have a good idea what my current career goal is, related to my major in psychology, and how I think an internship will help me reach this goal. My overall career goal, or dream, is to combine my love and passion for music with my desire to help people. My major in psychology is how I plan on reaching my goal of helping people by possibly becoming a counselor, therapist, or psychiatrist. The main group of people I am interesting in helping are kids and teenagers withRead MoreThe Development Of A Soci al Work1527 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work. Please discuss any volunteer or paid experiences in human services, community work, or other experiences that contributed to your choice of social work as a profession. 1. My interest in social work began with taking a semester off of school during my undergraduate career. I was given the opportunity to live and work in Puerto Rico. This season away from classes allowed me time to search for a career and a major that would best fit my interests, values, and skills. I felt that socialRead MoreMy Experience With The Korean Culture947 Words   |  4 Pagestime I heard about this program was actually from my friend because me and my friend had always been very interest in the Korean culture since we are in high school till now. When I saw the posters around our university I just thought that it seem too good to be true. The reason that I got so excited is because I am very interest in working with children and I had always wanted to learn more about the Korean culture, so it was like a combination of my two favourite things together. Afterwards, I wentRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Disability967 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States today th ere an estimated 48.9 million disabled adults and children. â€Å"The prevalence of childhood disability has continued to increase, growing by 15.6% between 2001–2002 and 2010–2011. Nearly 6 million children were considered disabled in 2010–2011.†Houtrow(2014) The United States civilians have had a negative attitude toward people with disabilities. Donaldson(1980) says that they are attempting to change the attitudes towards people with disabilities. Donaldson states one wayRead MoreMy Dream Of Being A Primary School Teacher938 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching children gives me endless satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. I realised the importance of the role when my son started school 20 years ago. Every parent wants their children to achieve their potential, and this motivated me to start my career as a teacher. I have much practical experience of working with children between the ages of 3-11 years, and I have worked with children from different ethnic minority backgrounds. Over fourteen years of experience in teaching and supportingRead MoreSocial Work Is A Job Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pages Despite being the youngest in my family, I took on the role of being the oldest and felt the need to take care of my older brother who suffers from hydrocephalus. From going to medical appointments to preparing meals, the reversal role that I experienced has made me realize that even from an early age I adopted the role of being a caregiver to meet my family’s needs and to provide emotional support for my family. Being a caregiver for my brother has fueled my passion for taking care of othersRead MoreMy Interest On Social Work1226 Words   |  5 Pages My interest in social work began with taking a semester off of school during my undergraduate career. I was given the opportunity to live and work in Puerto Rico. This season away from classes allowed me time to contemplate a career and a major that would best fit my interests, values, and skills. I felt that social work was the only major that adequately reflected this. After returning to school to begin my social work classes, my interest in the field began to develop more fully. The followingRead MoreA Presentation On The Issue Of Children977 Words   |  4 PagesOn December 6th, 2014, I had the opportunity to give a PowerPoint presentation on the issue of â€Å"Children in the Fields† to the youth group (and a few other members) of my local church in Wendell, NC. There was a total of about 20 people there, ranging from ages 13 to 30 years. As youth president at my church, I was given the responsibility of looking for current events and/or issues to present to the yout h, so that they can learn to become informed citizens and learn the importance of volunteering

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Business Law Corporations for the Assistance

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Corporations for the Assistance. Answer: 1: In the present text conferred below, various questions have been answered associated with the competition policies and strategies which are being followed by all the corporations for the assistance of the public at large; it also provides a brief about the cases of neglect done on the part of any corporation and the reliefs which could be awarded to the plaintiff for such a misconduct; at last the standards have been mentioned which prevails in an organization for its employees to work accordingly. Any unconscionable conduct which if done against the weaker party have been stated with the remedies which can be granted to them. Evanto is an Australian organization which operates in a number of digital market place in which it sells creative assets for the purpose of Web Designers, such as Audio, video, etc. The corporation also makes various strategies for obtaining a constant growth for the reason of capturing a large number of markers. Like, it has made an aim to increase its income for the consumers and for the benefit of the society in totality. It also have built certain plans for the growing different market strategies as they now accept payments by credit cards through online means which they were accepting earlier by way of PayPal only. The organization also has made such policies which help in granting opportunities to its consumers by finding out and discovering what the consumer need, and then to make such products or provide such services which would help them in long run. The corporation puts its focus on not only building the best product but also keep an eye on the factors which put an impact on the society all together. The working staff also put in all their efforts in order to make the organization work better and provide all the services which the user desires (Powell, 2016). The growth of the organization and its success has been based upon the focus of the organization which altogether works for the users, community. The organizations have inculcated a forum which works with an aim that the large number of its authors could make contribution for providing their views and feedbacks on the same. It has built a category where the authors have a liberty that they can upload their queries regarding the products which do not fit in any category as specified. The corporation also believes that the ideas which come from the society works as a positive outcome by which the organization could work in a better manner. The other market players who have just entered the new era of work keep in mind that they should work and establish any product which fulfills the wants and desires of the consumers as they are the people by whom the organizations work. If the consumers would not be happy by the services of the corporation then the organization would not prevail. So, the strategies which were made by the corporations would be properly levied then the other market players would perform the same act. By keeping an eye on the other competitors the other market players would require to obtain the same type of strategies so that the consumers would be attracted by them in the same manner as the other corporations have. This would ultimately promote competition in the market and the consumer benefit would be granted. As the environment in which individuals live and organization works is the complex and a dynamic one which is flexible as the changes occur on s day to day basis. In this atmosphere the people who live have their different needs and desires both in Australia and through regional and world over businesses. Also, the investigations which would take place for conducting and resourcing administrative regulatory bodies of Competition have been strengthened for the purpose of detecting any anticompetitive conduct. The corporation also puts a focus on the prosecution and punishments both with more streamlined association between the jurisdictions in the matters of enforcement done on behalf of the corporation. The corporation should make compliance with all the competition rules and laws which can help and grant advice to the consumers in regard to any unfair means done against them; any unfair terms of an agreement; any unconscionable conduct of the organization; or any misconduct. The cor poration therefore should also make some regulations and rules which safeguard the community as whole and also the customers. As the consumers makes the goodwill of a corporation to develop and makes its place in the market for long run. 2: Draft of a Memorandum constituting the justifications for the action of negligence against BW To: The Board of Directors, BW From: Manager, Safety Operations, and BW Subject: Regarding grounds for a successful case of negligence Date: 25th September 2016 cc: As per the circumstance, which has taken place in this memorandum the civil liability with the duty in regard to negligence and duty of care which the organization owed towards the plaintiff would be discussed. Also some recommendations would be affirmed with the declaration of compensation and remuneration which would be rewarded. Negligence has been affirmed as a failure to take rational care to evade causing harm or loss to another individual. Negligence comprises of three primary elements such as the defendant must owe an obligation of care to the plaintiff; obligation must have been contravened; and the violation must have caused injury to the plaintiff. Therefore, in order to recover the damages the plaintiff must prove that: There was an obligation in the situations to take care; The performance or effective action of the defendant in the situations did not meet the standard of care which a prudent individual would meet in the situations; The plaintiff has suffered harm or loss which a prudent individual in the situations could have been expected to foresee; and The reimbursements were caused by the violation of obligation. Duty can be affirmed as: The obligation of care in tort; A obligation of care under the agreement that was concurrent or coextensive with a duty of concern in tort; or Another obligation under the statute or otherwise that was concurrent with a duty of care. While Duty of care means a responsibility to take prudent care or exercise prudent skill (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016)... The concept of obligation of care functions as a control device which permits the courts to determine, as a policy as per the conditions in which there should be a liability for a negligent act. Courts have done various experiments with various advances to the new matters, developing incremental duties, emplaning with due regard to the price of the policy (Handford, 1982). The best known test of the obligation of care was the neighbor test which was laid down in the English case of Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932). In this case it was stated that the individuals must take prudent care to avoid acts or omissions which could be prudently foreseen to be likely to harm ones neighbors. This case concerns a privilege of a consumer to claim damages from a manufacturer of bottled ginger beer for nervous shock induced by the discovery of a fermenting snail in the bottle, after its content were being drunk. It was the matter in which extension of the concept of duty of care was made (The Personal Injury Lawyers, 2016). In the case of The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 it was upheld that the defendant would only be accountable for the loss which was of a foreseeable kind. If the loss was of a foreseeable kind, then the defendant would be legally responsible for the full extent of loss, even if the loss was much greater than predictable. In the matter of Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344 it was held that settlements were obtainable where the distress or dissatisfaction arises from a infringement of an express or implied term or the pain which was resulted upon the distress of a physical impairment (Australian Contract Law, 2013). Emotional distress can be regarded as the major factor for recovery of a private harm claims cases (Holme, 2004) (Rajendran, 2004). They are the monetary costs that are planned to reimburse the psychological effect of the impairment caused to the plaintiff (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2016) whereas Nervous Shock has been regarded as the inception of a psychiatric infirmity caused by witnessing the negligent act. In the case of Dulieu v White it was clearly established that a plaintiff can only claim nervous shock if the fight was for the plaintiff only and not for the third party. In another case of Giller v. Procopets it was stated that the claimant could recuperate costs for emotional distress in her equitable claim for breach of her confidence. In the case of Rodrigues v state it was affirmed that the plaintiffs could recover damages for a negligent infliction of emotional pain as a result of carelessly caused flood reimbursement to their house. Also as per Division 4 of the Civil Liability Act 2002, section 26H some restrictions have been described which were being imposed on the grievances which occur for any non- monetary failure. It affirms that a court would not be in a situation to honor damages for non- financial loss except as permitted by this Division (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). And Section 26I of the act describes the non-economic loss damages which were restricted to the workers return amount. (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). According to Division 5 of the act authority has been given to make subtractions from reimbursement under section 26J. So, it has been suggested that the corporation should make relevant returns to the plaintiff for the loss sustained by him due to the steel which broke down due to corrosion. Corporation should also procure new apparatus for hampering any proposed hazard or destruction which could be founded if novel mechanism would not be accepted. The corporation for building its services better can make a disaster control team in prior for dealing with such type of mishappenings for the future if it happens by any means (Bernstein, 2016). 3: The National Employment Standards (NES) are the 10 minimum job entitlements that have to be granted to all the workers in an employment (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). These standards have been mentioned in Part 2-2 of the Fair Work Act, 2009 (Fair Work Commission, 2016). The national minimum wage and the NES formulate the minimum entitlements for workers in Australia. An award, employment agreement, enterprise contract or other registered contract cant offer for the situations that were less than the national minimum wage or the NES (Australian Government, 2016). They cant exclude these national employment standards (Fair Work Commission, 2016). The ten minimum standards which every employment has to provide to their workers who are employed in the employment are as follows: In addition to the rational additional hours which are being provided to the workers, they should work for maximum of 38 weekly hours; In some conditions the employees can make an appeal for making a transformation in their arrangements of work; Every worker should be provided up to 12 months for an unpaid leave for parental leave and associated entitlements plus they should have the liberty to make an appeal for a supplementary unpaid leave for 12 months; Annual leaves should be offered to the employees which includes 4 weeks paid leaves per year with an extra week for some shift workers; Personal/ carers leave and considerable leaves should also be granted which includes 10 days paid personal leaves; 2 days unpaid carers leave as per requirement; and 2 days considerable unpaid leaves as per requirements; Unpaid leaves should be granted for preferred disaster actions and up to 10 days of paid leaves for the service of the Jury; An agent has a privilege for the employees as declared in a pertinent pre- modernized return in anticipation of the development of a reliable national long service leave standard; On every public holiday a paid off would be granted except where reasonably asked to work; Up to 4 weeks notice of implementation plus an extra week for the workers over 45 years of age who have been in the employment for at least 2 years and up to 16 weeks division pay on being jobless both based on the span of service; and The Fair Work data report was obtainable from the Fair Work Ombudsman (The Australian Workers Union, 2016). According to section 26(4) of the Fair Wages Act 2009, all the workers in the national workplace relations system were covered by the National employment standard regardless of the award, registered contract or employment agreement that applies to them. Being a HR manager an individual should ensure that all the above mentioned standards should be complied with and should not be violated as per section 44 of the Act. Similarly, if any of these standards would be contravened then the manager would be punishable under section 550 of the act. 4: Unconscionable behavior deals with the dealings among the stronger and weaker parties; although it extends beyond force and undue influence (Australian Contract Law, 2011). It has been constrained both in fairness and more recently by laws. It is also the declaration or action so unreasonable that it defies good conscience (Australian Competition Consumer Commission, 2016). Equity mediates where one party has taken benefit of an extraordinary disability has been held by the other party. The consequential dealings must normally be cruel and unfair to the weaker party. Where it has been established the weaker party may prefer to avoid the dealing. In Australia, this doctrine was put into practice by the High Court in the case of Blomley v Ryan case and its validity was further strengthened in the matter of Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio case. Australian Consumer Law initiated the countrywide reliable limitations on unconscionable behavior. Section 21 of the act limits unconscionable behavior in connection with the supply or acquisition of goods or services by or from an individual. In the case of ACCC v. Craftmatic [2009] FCA 972 it was stated that restriction would be levied for 7 years for limiting Craftsmatic from a wide range of conducts that were found to be misleading or unconscionable (Competition Consumer Law Education Programs, 2016). In another matter of CIT Credit v. Keable it was held that the behavior was unconscionable only where there was some real and substantial argument based on conscience for limiting an individual from relying on what were in terms of general law, about the individuals lawful rights (Burke Mead, 2012). In order to decide whether the conduct was a conscionable one or not a court would consider various factors which include: Some circumstances which were imposed on the weaker party that was not reasonably necessary to safeguard the lawful interests of the stronger party; The weaker party could appreciate the documentation used by use of undue influence, pressure or unfair tactics by the stronger party; etc. Also, if an unconscionable conduct has occurred the court can grant a variety of remedies which may be structured by the court to the plaintiff which includes: Restriction; Reimbursements; Orders; Reimbursement for failure or harm; Financial punishment; Having the contract affirmed canceled in whole or in part; etc The maximum civil fines have been $220,000 for individuals and $1.1 million for body corporate. Therefore, it has been advised that Rebecca can claim compensation as it has bee her right which have been granted against any forceful act. References: Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) CIVIL LIABILITY ACT 2002. [Online] Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cla2002161/ [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) COMPETITION AND CONSUMER ACT 2010 - SCHEDULE 2. [Online] Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) FAIR WORK ACT 2009 (NO. 28, 2009). [Online] Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/fwa2009114/ [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) FAIR WORK ACT 2009 (NO. 28, 2009). [Online] Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/fwa2009114/ [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australian Competition Consumer Commission. (2016) Unconscionable conduct. [Online] Australian Competition Consumer Commission. Available from: https://www.accc.gov.au/business/anti-competitive-behaviour/unconscionable-conduct [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2011) Unconscionable Conduct. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/unconscionable.html [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2013) Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australian Government. (2016) The National Employment Standards. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.ieuvictas.org.au/files/8613/4214/4413/nes.pdf [Accessed on 25/09/16] Australian Law Reform Commission. (2016)Breach of Confidence Actions for Misuse of Private Information. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/13-breach-confidence-actions-misuse-private-information/reimbursement -emotional-suffering [Accessed on 25/09/16] Bernstein, J. (2016) The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications. [Online] Bernstein Crisis Management. Available from: https://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/ [Accessed on 25/09/16] Burke Mead. (2012) Unconscionable Conduct Under the Australian Consumer Law. [Online] Burke Mead Lawyers Community. Available from: https://www.burkemeadlawyers.com.au/commercial-law/unconscionable-conduct-australian-consumer-law/[Accessed on 25/09/16] Competition Consumer Law Education Programs. (2016) Unconscionable conduct. [Online] Competition Consumer Law Education Programs. Available from: https://www.ccaeducationprograms.org/?page=tertiarystudentsmoduleid=18sectionid=168 [Accessed on 25/09/16] Fair Work Commission. (2016) National employment standards. [Online] Fair Work Commission. Available from: https://www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/minimum-wages-conditions/national-employment-standards [Accessed on 25/09/16] Fair Work Commission. (2016) National employment standards. [Online] Fair Work Commission. Available from: https://www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/minimum-wages-conditions/national-employment-standards [Accessed on 25/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] Fair Work Ombudsman. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed on 25/09/16] Handford, P.R. (1982) Damages for Injured Feelings in Australia. University of New South Wales Journal. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/1982/16.pdf [Accessed on 25/09/16] Holme,R. ( 2004) MENTAL SUFFERING DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT. Victoria University of Wellington Law Review. 35. [Online] Available from: https://www.victoria.ac.nz/law/research/publications/vuwlr/prev-issues/pdf/vol-35-2004/issue-3/holmes.pdf [Accessed on 25/09/16] Powell, D. (2016) Melbourne startup Envato has reached a major milestone. [Online] Startup Smart. Available from: https://www.startupsmart.com.au/advice/growth/melbourne-startup-envato-reaches-a-major-milestone-how-it-got-there-and-what-comes-next/ [Accessed on 25/09/16] Rajendran, R. (2004) "Told Nervous Shock: Has the Pendulum Swung in Favour of Recovery by Television Viewers?". Deakin Law Review 7319(2). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/DeakinLawRw/2004/31.html [Accessed on 25/09/16] The Australian Workers Union. (2016) What are the 10 National Employment Standards (NES)?. [Online] The Australian Workers Union. Available from: https://www.awu.net.au/national-employment-standards [Accessed on 25/09/16] The Personal Injury Lawyers. (2016) What are Emotional Suffering Damages in Personal Injury Cases?. [Online] Available from: https://www.thepersonalinjurylawyers.com.au/What-are-Emotional-Suffering-Damages-in-Personal-Injury-Cases [Accessed on 25/09/16]

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Public Health Clinical and Diagnostic Research

Question: Discuss about the Public Health for Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Answer: Introduction The phenomenon of nutrition transition that is being witnessed all over the world caused due to a shift in diets owing to a modern and urban lifestyle and economic development and greater buying power have triggered poor health outcomes. In India, the demography, pattern of food supply and the pattern of food consumption have undergone a change. Associated with this change is an increase in diet related non-communicable diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The impact of nutrition transition is visible on all age-groups. The supply of food is now abundant, but policies have not been able to make food available to the poor who continue to remain malnourished. On the other people from higher socioeconomic background suffer from the problem of plenty. The revision of the standards for overweight and obese classification have been revised for South Asians. The result is a high percentage of the population can now be classified as overweight or obese. Food Sufficiency In the 1970s India was still trying to tackle the problem of food shortage. In the late 70s the green revolution had taken place and India became self sufficient in food production (Ramchandran, 2013). In the 40 year period between 1963 and 2003 consumption of oils, sugar and meat has increased. According to the current trends the per capita consumption as determined by the food balance sheets of the FAO the total food intake in terms of calories has not changed much but the intake fats from animal and vegetable sources, sugar and meat has increased. 33% of the urban Indian diet constitutes fats while rural Indians consume 17% of their diet in the form of fats. Between 1975 and 1995, the consumption of cereals fell drastically and was replaced by consumption of protein and fats. This increase can be attributed to a huge increase in the consumption (following ample production) of milk and milk products and animal meat. But all the figures about consumption show a difference between ru ral and urban populations and socioeconomic status also has a considerable impact on the patterns of consumption. 25% of the available fat is consumed by the rural population while 40% of the fat is consumed by the 5% of the population constituted of the urban rich (Shetty, 2002). The Indian population suffers from the 'double burden' of malnutrition. Its population is suffering from underweight and overweight (Kulkarni, Kulkarni, Gaiha, 2013). As the rural population shifts to urban areas their consumption of processed foods increases. The tradition of consuming vegetables and fruits is declining. Intake of fibre Consumption of fibre in the form of fruits and vegetables has not increased much among Indians. Though horticulture has progressed and yields have increased, most of the produce is sold in export markets. This signifies a loss of soil nutrients and micronutrients which could have benefitted the local population. The shift to polished grains and a drop in consumption of coarse cereals such as millets, maize and sorghum has also reduced the intake of fiber. Consumption of fruits and vegetables in India is 149 -152 kg/person/annum has registered a slight increase. In a survey of two cities 265gm/day and less than three servings a day were registered. Consumption of less than five servings a day was reported from the state of Maharashtra by 76% respondents while it was 99% in the state of Tamil Nadu. This could be the reason for micronutrient deficiencies in 70% children and 55% women. 24% of men were also found to be suffering from anaemia. On the supply side India produces 40% of the w orld's mangoes, 30% of banana, sapota, and papaya, and lime. Several states of the country contribute to the overall production of fruits. Though there are some shortfalls in production of fruits and vegetables, due to the short shelf life about 35 % of the produce is lost during post harvest operations that include harvest, limited cold storage facilities, grading and transport. Only 2% of the produce is utilized by the food processing industry. Annual losses are between INR 130 to 140 million (Sachdeva, Sachdev, Sachdeva, 2013). Once the basic needs of procuring energy giving foods are met, households shift to the purchase of fruits, vegetables, milk and other animal foods. In a report on fruit and vegetable consumption in India it has been reported that Indians consume an average of 3.5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. It is as low as 2.9 servings a day for the age-group from 18-25 years. These values are much lower than the WHO recommended values of 5 servings a day which have now been revised to 7-10 servings day to be able to lead a life free of chronic diseases. Availability and income play an important role in the consumption. Processed food can be an option but the high cost and high taxes keep these out of reach of most people. Levels of consumption also vary depending on whether a person follows Jain diet, a vegetarian, an ovo-lacto-vegetarian or a non-vegetarian. About 89% respondents of a survey were not aware of the 400g a day recommendation of WHO. 50% respondents who were aware the WHO recommendations had received higher education and were more likely to have a post graduate degree. Various reasons were given by consumers that caus ed reduced intake. These include seasonal availability, high cost, inconvenient location of market place, poor quality, lack of space for storage in homes, some believe the nutritional content is low, and some have a strict preference for non-vegetarian or junk food. Several policy recommendations were made as part of the report. Among them was a recommendation to improve retail formats, facilitate transport of perishable fruits, reduce taxes on processed foods and generate awareness among people about the importance of including fruits and vegetables in their diet. Encouragement of Foreign direct investment in retail could make more choices for consumers available at reasonable prices. Traceability back to the produce farms for better adherence to quality and hygiene would ensure higher consumption. Provision of cold storages and refrigeration facilities to prevent spoilage of produce was also recommended. The very high tariffs on imported produce (up to 30%) make imports commercia lly unviable. The implications of shortfalls in consumption are lower intake of phytonutrients/micronutrients which help in prevention of several chronic diseases(Mukherjee, Dutta, Goyal, 2015). The demand supply gap in food has caused inflation in food prices. The percentage of income that a household spends on food has risen since 2008- the year when global food prices saw an inflationary trend. Food inequities in the urban populations include the malnourished and the over-nourished, both groups require sustainable methods of food that scores well nutritionally also. Fat and carbohydrate dense food consumption is also associated with poor nutrition and can lead to obesity, diabetes and related ailments. The policies based around food production in India do not incorporate sustainable food systems in their ambit. The drivers of food economy are stakeholders who have commercialized food production through an emphasis on getting high yields through use of chemicals for farming. In the developing countries like India, the migration of people to urban areas for employment does not translate into economic success, because the jobs are unstable and income is irregular. This leads to malnourishment because the food that they can afford to buy is often lacking in nutrients such as, Vitamin A and iron. Dwindling agricultural land keeps the nutritious and expensive components of diet far from their reach. The triple burden of undernutrition, overnutrition and nutrition deficient in micronutrients are seen in the same community or even household. The obesity epidemic In a survey of women in Delhi, it was found that over a period of 4 years, in women between the ages of 15-49 an increase of 2 points in the BMI was observed. Since a major shift in diet was not observed, most of the weight gain could be attributed to their sedentary lifestyles (Agrawal, Gupta, Mishra, Agrawal, 2013). Another study measured the physical activity among dental health professionals in terms of metabolic equivalents (MET). The MET minutes that measured the intensity of physical activity in third year and final year students and interns and faculty and was625.6, 786.3, 296.5, and 296.5 respectively.22.4% of the third year students were obese while 16.3% of the final year students were obese. 20.4% interns and 40.8 % of the teaching faculty were found to be obese (Singh Purohit, 2012). The changes in availability and consumption of high calorie foods like oils, sugar and meat have not been balanced with an increase in physical activity, leading to an increase in prevalen ce of obesity and higher BMI among the urban population from the higher socioeconomic levels. With its population size of over 120 billion people, the sheer size of the Indian market made it a lucrative business destination for the giant among the food corporations and they made a beeline to target the Indian consumers. The urban and rural populations of India were already undergoing a rapid nutrition transition. From a culture of fresh home-cooked meals to culture of consuming attractively packaged, branded, low-priced, mass produced, marketed and advertised food products. The Indian markets were inundated with packets of high sugar, fat and salt containing foods. The shift to a sedentary lifestyle also saw an increase in incidence of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But also registering a quiet and quick decline in health were the figures on obesity and type 2 diabetes. The genetic predisposition and sedentary lifestyles added to the problem. Coupled with this was the prevalence of perinatal under-nutrition and 'catch up' obesity in children laid the foundation of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. The South Asian population has lower BMI thresholds and cutoffs for waist circumference that are used to decide obesity and abdominal obesity than the Caucasian counterparts (Misra Bhardwaj, 2014). Obesity among children increased from 4.9 to 6.6% in the period between 2004-2006 (Gupta, Shah, Nayyar, Misra, 2013). More people are shifting towards diet that is rich in hydrogenated fats and animal fats. Intake of fiber is low. Activity at the work place and at home and during leisure is much lower than before and reducing expenditure of energy is commonly seen (Popkin B. , 2006). Consumption of processed and fast food In a study that compared consumption of Western-style fast food between low-income and high-group study participants, the likelihood of people from high income groups were more likely to visit fast food restaurants. The people from low income groups were more likely to eat fast food sold by street vendors because it was more affordable. However, both groups understood the importance of home-cooked food in maintaining health (Aloia, et al., 2013). Rapid increases in overweight and obesity are being reported from developing countries s much as from developed countries. The reliance on processed foods, eating away from home, and increase in intake of edible oils and sweetened beverages has caused an increase of obesity globally. (Popkin, Adair, Ng, 2012). In a survey of medical students in an Indian town, it was found that most of them had stressful study routines and frequently consumed fast food and sugar sweetened beverages. 34.5% of the students were either overweight or obese with BMI ˃ 25. Intake of fruits and vegetables was lacking in the diets of more than 20% students and 60%students were unaware about the risks associated with the intake of fast foods (Shah, et al., 2014). Rapid urbanisation, migration of people from rural to urban areas, changing perceptions, higher number of working women, the convenience of processed foods has made a marked shift in the way Indians now consume food. Traditionally, consumption of fresh foods is rapidly shifting to processed, ready to eat meals. A higher number of younger Indians want to try novel foods and their perception of imported foods being better in quality has led to a transition in nutrition (Puttarathnamma, Prakash, Prabhavathi, 2015). Another study points at the preference of young Indians for fast food but they are aware of the fact that home cooked food is nutritionally superior (Goyal Singh, 2007). In a study on obesity and hypertension among adolescent school children in Gangtok, India, 2.04% subjects were found to be obese and 14.5% were overweight. Consumption of fast food, unhealthy snacks and sedentary habits were reasons for high percentage of the overweight children who came from high income fa milies (Kar Khandelwal, 2015). The fast food industry in India is expanding at the rate of 40% every year. The consumption of fast foods by adolescents is indeed alarming. In survey of 300 school going adolescents, it was found that 292 of them regularly visited fast food restaurants. The percentage of the obese and overweight was found to be 13.7 and 2.7, respectively. Most of them were lured by the television commercials and attractive packaging. They were aware of the harmful effects of consuming the high fat, high sugar foods. Children who did not eat fast foods said they did so due to parental advice, harmful effects on health and having fallen ill in the past due to fast food consumption. However, the children who reported eating fast foods had parental influence and fast food consumption was prevalent at home. About 48.3% fast food consumers among the students wanted to quit the habit because they were aware of the associated health hazards, they considered the foods will ca use weight gain, there was pressure from parents to quit and it resulted in waste of money (Joseph, et al., 2015). Big retailers and the food processing industry that sell attractively packaged, high sugar, fat and salt laden foods and raise sales through the television commercials occupy large sections of food shelves in supermarkets. On the other hand public health nutritionists try to raise awareness on the obesogenic environment created by bottled sugary drinks and unhealthy food that have threatened to become the staple diet of young and old alike. Imposition of higher taxes may help reduce sales and cause restricted expansion of retail outlets and create awareness about healthy eating. But this is diametrically opposite to the market economics that guides food processors. Retailers and policy makers are under attack by consumer groups for sale of healthier foodstuffs produced with an eye on green production practices and those that are sensitive to animal welfare. The giants in the food processing industry have also started the idea of contract farming that helps them obtain produce that co nforms to specifications required by the machine-oriented food production methods. On the one hand governments promote the food processing industry to increase food production, supply, industry and employment opportunities and on the other hand there is a need for policy framing and implementation to facilitate a battle against the growing incidence of diet-related non-communicable diseases that increase the health expenses on budgetary requirements. The need to increase investments in the food sector and the need to preserve health of people are at conflict with each other. Increasing food supply through industry is not enough, policy frameworks need space to include the health priorities of populations (Thow McGrady, 2014). Policy on sale of unhealthy food Production and sale of packaged snacks containing high levels of salt has increased the consumption to dangerous levels. 50-60% of edible salt, sugar and fat are used up by the food processing industry in India. The industry has received a massive backing from the government. The public health impact of consumption of the fried, high salt products is currently being overlooked. Just as governments in many governments around the world mull a tax on sugar sweetened beverages to discourage consumption, Indian policy makers also need to deal with the problem of excess consumption of salt, sugar and fat through packaged foods that include ready to eat meals, frozen foods including ice creams, biscuits and snacks (Brownell, et al., 2009). Another study estimates that a 20% tax on palm oil may reduce deaths due to myocardial infarction by 363,000 in the period between 2014-23. Although doing so may force people to shift to other edible oils which could add to food insecurity and continue to pose a health risk (Basu, et al., 2013). It is a tight rope walk for policy makers because taxes on unhealthy food stuffs have to be balanced with economics of food production and availability (Dasgupta, Pillai, Kumar, Arora, 2015). Benefits of vegetarianism Vegetarianism is a big aspect of nutrition in India. According. to the American Dietetic Association well planned vegetarian diets are not only nutritionally adequate but provide additional health benefits to people against chronic diseases(Singh, et al., 2014). In a study that analysed the prevalence of diabetes among vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians and lacto-ovo vegetarians, it was found that 30% lower incidence was observed (Agrawal, Millett, Dhillon, Subramanian, Ebrahim, 2014). Another study found significant cardiovascular health benefits derived from a vegetarian diet in four geographical locations of India (Shridhar, et al., 2014). Risk of type 2 diabetes was found to be lower in vegans, ovo-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, and pesco-vegetarians than non-vegetarians (Zaman, Zaman, Arifullah, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the relative abundance of food has led to an increase in the consumption of sugar, fat, milk products and animal protein in India. The nutrition transition is more pronounced in urban India, where sedentary lifestyles have added to the growing numbers of obese people who are at a risk of type 2 diabetes. Consumption of fibre has touched a low because the growth in production of fruits and vegetables has not kept up with the requirements of cold storages, refrigeration and most of the produce is lost due to spoilage. Policies need to focus on better retail formats and protect produce with better post harvest technology. Food inflation post the 2008 rise in global food prices has affected the impoverished. The rise of malnutrition is a challenge for the authorities that is becoming difficult to solve. On the other hand the problems of overnutrition and lower than recommended consumption of micronutrients has given rise to problems associated with obesity and mineral defi ciencies. High BMIs and diabetes are the outcome of change in culture. From home-cooked food, people have quickly moved to the consumption of convenient, attractive and unhealthy packaged and processed foods. The government backing to the food processing industry has improved the economics of food production and marketing but the impact on public health has been poor. Policies are needed that raise awareness for consumption of healthy food on the one hand and levy taxes on unhealthy salt, sugar and fat laden food to discourage consumption on the other. The benefits of having a vegetarian population can be realised only when people learn to eat healthy and exercise. References Agrawal, P., Gupta, K., Mishra, V., Agrawal, S. (2013). Effects of sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits on body mass index change among adult women in India: findings from a follow-up study. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 52(5):387-406. Agrawal, S., Millett, C., Dhillon, P., Subramanian, S., Ebrahim, S. (2014). Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population. Journal of Nutrition, 13:89. Aloia, C., Gasevic, D., Yusuf, S., Teo, K., Chockalingam, A., Patro, B., . . . Lear, S. (2013). 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